TARIHIN ZUWAN MUSULUNCI KANO

Babban Masallacin birnin Kano. Source:creativecommons.org

Kamar yadda mafi yawancin masana da marubutan tarihin Kano suka tabbatar, Musulunci ya shigo Kano ne ta hanyar Fulani Wangarawa daga Mali wanda suka shigo a zamanin Sarkin Kano Yaji Dan Tsamiya (1349-1385). Wannan Kungiya ta Wangarawa a karkashin shugabancin Abdul-Rahman Zaiti suka taso daga kasar su zuwa aikin Hajji, suka ratso ta cikin Kano akan hanyar su ta zuwa Makka. Lokacin da suka karaso Kano sun lura da cewa akwai bukatar gabatar da addinin Musulunci. Don haka ne shugaban wannan Kungiya ta Wangarawa yaje gabatar da kan su a fadar Sarkin Kano Yaji, kuma ya bukaci Sarki ya karbi addinin Musulunci. Aka yi sa'a Sarki Yaji ya karbi addinin Musulunci, kuma ya bada umarnin kowa da kowa yake karbi addinin. Abin sha'awa kuma shine yadda Sarki Yaji ya canza sunan sa zuwa "Aliyu", don haka ake kiran sa da Sarkin Kano Aliyu Yaji.

Wannan Kungiya ta Wangarawa tayi kokari wajen koyar da addinin Musulunci ga jama'ar Kano, tare da dakushe bautar gargajiya. Tun daga wannan lokaci ne aka samu wasu ka'idoji na Musulunci suka fara ratsawa cikin rayuwar Kanawa. Ta haka ne aka samu Liman da Alkali da masu wa'azi da Makamantan su.

Tun bayan da Fulani Wangarawa suka kawo addinin Musulunci Kano, an ci gaba da samun shigowar rukunin kungiyoyi masu jaddada addinin Musulunci. Misali, tsakiyar karni na sha biyar '15th century, an samu wata kungiyar malamai masu wa'azi a karkashin wani mai suna Dagaci daga Borno sun zo Kano inda suka kara jaddada Musulunci. Tabbas, shigowar Bare-Bari a cikin Kano da taimakawar su wajen koyar da sha'anin Musulunci ya karawa addinin Musulunci karfi da samun gindin zama.

A zamanin Sarkin Kano Muhammadu Rumfa (1463-1499) Musulunci ya samu cikakken gurbi a fadar Masarautar Kano, da kuma cikin al'ummar Kanawa. A zamanin Sarkin Kano Rumfa addinin Musuluncin ya barbazu a ko'ina cikin kasar Kano. A wannan lokaci an samu shigowar manyan malaman addinin Musulunci da suka zo Kano kamar Sheikh Muhammad Abdul-Karim Al-Maghili. Sheikh Al-Maghili ya samu karbuwa a gurin Sarkin Kano Rumfa, har ya bawa Sarkin umarni ya gina masallacin Jama'a. Sannan kuma Sarkin ya roki Al-Maghili ya dinga zama a fadar Sarki domin ya dinga warware al'amuran da suka shafi shari'a. Kuma tun daga wannan lokacin aka samu Malami mai amsa fatawa da fadin hukunce-hukuncen shari'a a Majalisar Sarkin Kano. Sidi Fari (Sarkin Sharifai) shine har yanzu ke rike da irin wannan mukami a Majalisar Fadar Sarkin Kano. Haka kuma Sheikh Al-Maghili ya rubutawa Sarkin Kano Muhammadu Rumfa wasu litattafai domin ya taimake shi wajen gudanar da mulkin sa daidai da tsarin shari'ar Musulunci. Wadannan littafan sun sune kamar haka :

1.  Tajulmulk fi ma ya jibbu alal muluki (Kambin sarauta a kan abin da ya wajaba ga sarauta)
2. Majmu'at Al-Maghili fi shu'unin al-imarati (Talibin Al-Maghili a cikin sha'anonin sarauta)
3. Ma Yajuz ala al-Hukkami fi Rad'i Nasi an al-Haram (Abin da halatta kan masu hukunci don tsawatar da mai rabkana akan cin haram)

Wadannan jerin littatafai sune wanda Sheikh Al-Maghili ya rubutawa Sarkin Kano Muhammadu Rumfa. Kuma wadannan littatafai sun kasance kamar Kundin Mulkin Masarautar Kano wanda ya banbantata da sauran Masarautun Kasar Hausa.

Bayan zuwan Sheikh Al-Maghili, har ila yau a zamanin Sarkin Kano Muhammadu Rumfa an sami zuwan wani shahararren malami daga kasar Masar wanda ake kira Abdurrahman al-Suyudi wanda aka fi sani da Imamu Suyudi. Da zuwan sa ne aka samu littafin Tarjamar Alkur'ani da Larabci suna Tafsir al-Jalalaini wanda aka fi amfani da shi a masallatan kasar nan a lokacin watan Ramadan.

A zamanin Sarkin Kano Muhammadu Kisoki (1509-1565) kuma wani malami mai suna Sheikh Bafunashe ya kawo littafin Ashafa wanda har zuwa yau ana karanta shi a lokacin watan Ramadan. Haka kuma a daidai wannan lokaci ne kuma Sheikh Abdussalam ya kawo littafin Fikhihu guda biyu da suka hada da Almudauwana da Jami'us Sagir. Sannan kuma ya kawo littafin wa'azi da ake kira da Sarmakandi.

A takaice dai idan muka duba wadannan bayanai da muka kawo, za'a ga cewa zuwan Musulunci da bunkasar sa Kano ya dauki tsawon shekaru masu yawa. Kuma shigowar Musulunci yana da alaka da yadda baki suka dinga shigowa cikin Kano a lokaci daban-daban.