Nahiyar Arewacin Amurka (North America) na ɗaya daga cikin manyan nahiyoyi bakwai na duniya, kuma tana da tarihin da ya shafi miliyoyin shekaru na ci gaban bil'adama, siyasa, da tattalin arziki.
Asalin Ƙasar da Mutanen Farko
Kafin zuwan Turawa, mutanen da aka fi sani da "Native Americans" ko "Indigenous Peoples" sun shafe dubban shekaru suna zaune a yankunan da yanzu ake kira North America. Waɗannan ƙabilu sun haɓaka al'adu daban-daban kuma suna da nasu tsarukan zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, da addinai. Mafi shahara daga cikin waɗannan ƙabilu sun haɗa da Aztecs, Mayans, da kuma ƙabilun da ke zaune a yankunan Great Plains.
Zuwa da Shiga Turawa
A cikin karni na 15 da 16, masu bincike daga Turai, musamman daga Spain, Portugal, France, da England, suka fara shiga nahiyar North America. Christopher Columbus ya fara isa yankin Caribbean a 1492, kuma wannan ya haifar da wani babi na tarihi da ake kira "The Age of Exploration." Wadannan Turawa sun kafa mulkokin mallaka kuma sun fara mamaye yankunan da al'ummomin asali ke zaune. Wannan mamaye ya haifar da asarar rayuka da yawa daga cututtuka, yaƙe-yaƙe, da kuma karɓar nasu al'adun.
Ƙirƙirar Amurka da Ci gaban Kasashen Gabashin Nahiyar
A cikin karni na 17 da 18, aka fara ƙirƙirar garuruwa da mulkokin mallaka a kan gabar gabashin nahiyar, wanda ya haifar da gagarumin ci gaba a yankin. A 1776, ƙasashen mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya goma sha uku suka yi gwagwarmayar 'yanci, suka kafa ƙasar Amurka (United States of America) bayan nasarar da suka samu a yaƙin 'Yanci na Amurka.
Faɗaɗa zuwa Yamma
Bayan ƙirƙirar Amurka, gwamnatin ta fara faɗaɗa yankinta zuwa yamma, ta hanyar mamaye ƙasar da ta ke hannun ƙabilun asali da kuma sayen wasu yankuna daga ƙasashen Turai, kamar sayen yankin Louisiana daga Faransa a 1803. Wannan faɗaɗa ya haifar da gagarumin canji a tsarin rayuwa da kuma yanayin zamantakewa a nahiyar.
Yakin Basasa da Sake Ginawa
A shekarar 1861 zuwa 1865, Amurka ta shiga cikin yakin basasa tsakanin yankin Arewa da Kudu sakamakon sabani kan 'yancin bawa da ikon mallaka. Yankin Arewa ya yi nasara, kuma hakan ya kawo ƙarshen bautar da aka dade ana yi. Bayan yakin, aka fara wani lokaci da ake kira "Reconstruction," inda aka sake gina yankin Kudu da kuma ƙoƙarin haɓaka rayuwar tsoffin bayi.
Ci gaban Siyasa da Tattalin Arziki
A ƙarni na 19 da 20, North America ta zama cibiyar tattalin arziki da ci gaban fasaha, musamman a Amurka da Canada. Kasashen biyu sun kasance manyan cibiyoyi na masana'antu da kasuwanci, inda ci gaban jiragen ruwa, hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa, da kuma hanyoyin sadarwa ya haɓaka sosai. Wannan ci gaba ya taimaka wajen samar da ƙarfafiyar cibiyar kasuwanci da kuma haɓaka zaman lafiya a yankin.
Amurka a Matsayin Babbar Ƙasa
Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Farko da na Biyu, Amurka ta zama babbar ƙasa a duniya. Wannan ya fara ne daga shekarun 1940 zuwa 1950, lokacin da Amurka ta zama cibiyar ƙarfi a duniya ta fuskar siyasa, tattalin arziki, da fasaha. Wannan matsayi ya samu ne ta hanyar nasarar da ta samu a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, da kuma gina haɗin gwiwa tsakanin kasashen yammacin duniya ta fuskar tsaro da ci gaba.
Sabbin Ƙalubale da Gudanar da Sauye-sauye
A cikin ƙarni na 21, nahiyar North America tana fuskantar sabbin ƙalubale, ciki har da rikicin tattalin arziki, sauyin yanayi, da matsalolin siyasa. Duk da haka, ƙasashen yankin na ci gaba da yin amfani da ƙarfinsu na tattalin arziki da fasaha wajen magance waɗannan ƙalubale.
A takaice, tarihin North America ya haɗa da gagarumin ci gaba da sauye-sauye daga zamanin da mutanen farko zuwa zamanin da Turawa suka fara shiga, zuwa kafa ƙasashen zamani, da kuma matsayin Amurka a duniya a yau.
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